PEACH

History

1555

Population: 504 Million*

Entertainment: Writers include Lewis Brecht Euripus play, Pierre de Ronsard Hymnes, Jorg Wiskram (collection of farce)
Art includes Michelangelo's "Pieta", Tintoretto "St. George and the Dragon",
Medicine: Piemontese publishes medical recipies
Religion: Death of Cardinal Giovanni Maria del Monte – Pope Julius III – Cardinal Marcello Cervini Montefano elected Pope Marcellus II – died Apr 30 – Cardinal Giovanni Pietro Caraffa Capriglia elected Pope Paul IV
Pope Paul IV orders wall built to create first Jewish ghetto
Science: Pierre Belon writes "L'Histoire de la nature des oyseaux"
Deaths: Naturalist Edward Wotton, Artist Barthel Bruyn, Painter Moretto, Pope Julius III, Pope Marcellus II

England: Building of Gray's Inn Hall in London started
One of three protestant bishops burned at stake - Bishop John Hooper executed for Protestantism in Gloucester but pyre relit four times due to wet wood
Bishop Stephen Gardiner hung after sending many Protestants to their deaths - To 1558 burning of heretics begins – about 300 including Thomas Cranmer
John Foxe flees to exile and writes Acts and Monuments (Foxe's Book of Martyrs) labels Queen Mary as Bloody Mary – Mary's pregnancy found to be phantom pregnancy and now (age 39) thought to be barren - husband leaves England for Spain
Parliament turns against Mary
Sir Antony Kingston starts rebellion in Parliament
German States: Peace of Augsburg – Lutheran states to enjoy equal rights with Catholics - cities and states can decide religion
Protestants seize Catholic properties
Holy Roman Empire: Emperor Charles V turns over government of Netherlands to son Philip
Peace of Augsburg (See German States)
Russia: St. Basil's cathedral starts in Moscow
Scotland: John Knox returns to Scotland from his exile in Geneva
Spain: Tobacco brought for the first time from America to Spain