PEACH

World

Population: 512 Million*

Entertainment: Writers include Pierre de Ronsard Elegies, Giambattista Cinzio Giraldi (collection of moral and love tales), Arthur Golding (translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses), Thomas Cooper Thesaurus linguae Romanae et Britannicae, Pierre de la Place Histoire de nostre temps
Art includes Pieter Brueghel "A Country Wedding", Giovanni da Bologna "Sampson", Tintoretto "Flight into Egypt"
Music includes Palestrina "Missa Papae Marcelli"
Religion: Jacobus Anconcio writes "Stratagemata Satanae" advocating religious toleration
Pope Pius IV dies
Science: Bernardino Telesio writes "De rerum natura" foreshadowing empirical methods of science
Gesner publishes book of fossil objects
Deaths: Zoologist Konrad von Gesner, Pope Pius IV, Composer Cyprien de Rore,

Brazil: Rio de Janeiro founded by Portugese
North America: St. Augustine, FL founded by Spain under Pedro Menendez de Aviles to stop French colonization

England: Royal College of Physicians in London empowered to carry out human dissections
Pencils manufactured in England
Sir Thomas Gresham founds Royal Exchange in London
Sir John Hawkins introduces sweet potatoes and tobacco in England
Italian States: Torquato Tasso made court poet at Ferrara
Palladio creates S. Giorgio Maggiore in Venice
Russia: Ivan the Terrible starts "reign of terror" and sets out to destroy power of nobles
Ivan IV of Russia reforms legal code
Scotland: Mary Queen of Scots marries Henry Lord Darnley her cousin
Switzerland: First known use of pencils

Malta: Knights of St. John under Jean de La Valette defend Malta from Turks – Spanish troops arrive and Turks withdraw siege
Christian leader Jean Parisot de la Vallette founds Valletta Malta
Ottoman Empire: Suleiman orders attack on Malta to exterminate Christians - unsuccessful - "Great Siege" ensues